Electric Toothbrush On Plane
Toothbrush
History
A variety of oral hygiene measures have been used since before recorded history. This has been verified by various excavations done all over the world, in which chewsticks, tree twigs, bird feathers, animal bones and porcupine quills were recovered. The first toothbrush recorded in history was made in 3000 B.C., the toothbrush was called a chewstick, which was a twig with a frayed end
Many peoples have used forms of toothbrushes through the ages. Indian medicine (Ayurveda) has used the neem tree (a.k.a. daatun) and its products to create toothbrushes and similar products for millennia. The end of a neem twig is chewed until it is soft and splayed, and it is then used to brush the teeth. In the Muslim world, the miswak, or siwak, made from a twig or root with antiseptic properties has been widely used since the time of the Prophet Mohamed who used it himself and appreciated it use in 570-632 AD(check “miswak” for reference). Rubbing baking soda or chalk against the teeth has also been common practice in history. Pioneers used a cob of corn and added salt to brush their teeth.
The first toothbrush to resemble the modern toothbrush is believed to have been invented in China. Japanese Zen master Dgen Kigen recorded on Shbgenz that he saw some monks clean their teeth with a brush when he had been in China in 1223. This brush used horse tail hairs attached to a stick made of ox bone.
A photo from 1899 showing the use of toothbrush.
The earliest identified use of the word toothbrush in English was in the autobiography of Anthony Wood in 1690, in a sentence about buying a toothbrush from a man named J. Barret.
William Addis of England is credited with creating the first mass-produced toothbrush in 1780. In 1770 he had been placed in jail for causing a riot. While in prison, he decided that the method for teeth brushing of the time rubbing a rag on one’s teeth with soot and salt could be improved. So he took a small animal bone, drilled small holes in it, obtained some bristles from a guard, tied them in tufts, then passed the bristles through the holes on the bone and glued them. He soon became very wealthy. He died in the year 1808 and left the business to his eldest son, William II.
The first patent for a toothbrush was by H. N. Wadsworth in 1857 (US Patent No. 18,653) in the United States, but mass production of the product in America only started in 1885. The rather advanced design had a bone handle with holes bored into it for the Siberian Boar hair bristles. Boar wasn’t an ideal material; it retained bacteria, it didn’t dry well, and the bristles would often fall out of the brush. It wasn’t until World War II, however, that the concept of brushing teeth really caught on in the U.S., in part because it was part of American soldiers’ regular daily duty to clean their teeth. It was a practice that they brought back to their home life after the conclusion of the war.
A child being shown how to use a toothbrush.
Natural bristles (from animal hair) were replaced by synthetic fibers, usually nylon, by DuPont in 1938. The first nylon bristle toothbrush, made with nylon yarn, went on sale on February 24, 1938. The first electric toothbrush, the Broxodent, was introduced by the Bristol-Myers Company (now Bristol-Myers Squibb) at the centennial of the American Dental Association in 1959.
In January 2003, the toothbrush was selected as the number one invention Americans could not live without, beating out the automobile, computer, cell phone, and microwave oven, according to the Lemelson-MIT Invention Index.
Environmental impact
Despite being comparatively a small source of pollution (as the amounts of resources required to make a single item are small), tooth brushes still make up for 50 million pounds of plastics per year for the USA alone that end up in landfills.
See also
Oral hygiene
Teeth cleaning twig
Dental floss
Toothpaste
Chewable toothbrush
Electric toothbrush
Ultrasonic cleaning
Miswak
References
^ “Oral Longevity,” American Dental Association brochure (PDF), page 2 Retrieved June 12, 2008
^ Olmert, Michael (1996). Milton’s Teeth and Ovid’s Umbrella: Curiouser & Curiouser Adventures in History, p.62. Simon & Schuster, New York. ISBN 0684801647.
^ a b History of Dentistry and Dental Care
^ “Who invented the toothbrush and when was it invented?”. The Library of Congress. 2007-04-04. http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/tooth.html. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
^ “2003 Invention Index”. 2003-01-21. http://web.mit.edu/invent/n-pressreleases/n-press-03index.html. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
^ Amount of tooth brushes wasted per year
^ Amount of toothbrushes per year for USA
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Toothbrush
Taking Care of Your Teeth Naturally
American Dental Association statements on Toothbrushing
International Toothbrush Collection, a searchable database
BBC h2g2 The History of Toothpaste and Toothbrushes
v d e
Periodontology
Tissues of the periodontium
and their physiologic entities
Alveolar bone Biologic width Bundle bone Cementum Free gingival margin Gingiva Gingival fibers Gingival sulcus Junctional epithelium Mucogingival junction Periodontal ligament Sulcular epithelium Stippling
Diagnoses
Chronic periodontitis Localized aggressive periodontitis Generalized aggressive periodontitis Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease Necrotizing periodontal diseases Abscesses of the periodontium Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
Pathogenesis
A. actinomycetemcomitans Capnocytophaga sp. F. nucleatum P. gingivalis P. intermedia T. forsythia T. denticola
Pathologic entities
Calculus Edentulism Fremitus Furcation defect Gingival enlargement Gingival pocket Gingivitis Horizontal bony defect Linear gingival erythema Occlusal trauma Periodontal pocket Periodontal disease Periodontitis Plaque Recession Vertical bony defect
Diagnosis, treatment planning,
prevention and
chemotherapeutic agents
Brushing Bleeding on probing Chlorhexidine gluconate Enamel matrix derivative Flossing Hydrogen peroxide Mouthwash Oral hygiene Tetracycline Triclosan
Periodontal armamentarium
Curette Membrane Probe Scaler
Conventional therapy
Debridement Scaling and root planing Full mouth disinfection
Surgical therapy and
periodontal surgery
Apically positioned flap Bone graft Coronally positioned flap Crown lengthening Open flap debridement Free gingival graft Gingivectomy Guided bone regeneration Guided tissue regeneration Implant Placement Lateral pedicle graft Pocket reduction surgery Sinus lift Subepithelial connective tissue graft
Important personalities
Per-Ingvar Brnemark Jan Lindhe Willoughby D. Miller Carl E. Misch John Mankey Riggs Jrgen Slots Dennis P. Tarnow James Leon Williams W. J. Younger
Other specialties
Endodontology Orthodontology Prosthodontology
Categories: Dental equipment | Oral hygiene
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